Application

XLPE: peroxide cross-linked cable compounds

XLPE stands for cross-linked polyethylene – the plastic is ideally suitable for cable insulation

Polyethylenes (PE) demonstrate excellent insulation properties. A temporary increase in temperature, e.g. due to a load peak in the application as cable insulation can, however, cause full functional failure: the relatively low softening or melting ranges cause thermomechanical failure or even dripping off the insulation.

By crosslinking the polyethylene (PEX or XLPE stands for cross-linked PE), a thermoset material can be made from the thermoplastic material.

This can be used at considerably higher operating temperatures, has better mechanical properties, is more stable against organic fluids and often allows thinner wall thicknesses. Various crosslinking methods are used for manufacturing XLPE compounds for cable insulation.

Typical areas of application

Rote Kabelstücken aus halbleitenden Kabelcompounds
Kabelstücke mit Isolierung aus peroxid-vernetztem PE
Querschnitt eines Kabels zur Visualisierung der aus halbleitenden Kabelcompounds bestehenden Kabelisolationsschichten
Querschnitt eines Industriekabels mit Isolierung aus XLPE Kabelcompounds aus einer BUSS Compoundieranlage
Granulat aus XLPE Kabel Compounds / Peroxidisch vernetzten Kabel Compounds

The XLPE cable compounds are also described as PEX-a. The manufacturing process for peroxide cross-linked polyethylene was patented during the 1960s and has been used since then in the cable industry. In an initial step, basic polymer, peroxide and additives are mixed intensely whilst adhering to process temperatures not exceeding 130°C.

The crosslinking process takes place under pressure and temperature on a so-called CV (continuous vulcanisation) line directly after processing. Due to the relatively work-intense process, this technology is primarily used for high-performance cables.

The development of water tree resistant formulations and processes made XLPE cable compounds increasingly the material of choice for mid-voltage (MV) and high-voltage (HV) insulation for alternating current applications. For high-voltage use in the direct current area, they are the preferred material selection. For urban energy supply, more and more overhead lines are being replaced with underground cables or these are laid from the outset.

The connection of offshore wind farms to the grid, and sea cables in general is very frequently realised with cable insulation consisting of XLPE compounds. For these markets, which follow global megatrends, we can continue to calculate with huge mass volumes and growth. And BUSS compounding systems are the perfect partner for manufacturing the basis of this cable insulation, XLPE cable compounds.

Further insights into our options for cable applications

Benefits

BUSS compounding systems for XLPE compounds offer the following specific benefits

Thanks to evenly moderate shear rates in the entire screw length, the BUSS Co-Kneader can retain a narrow, defined temperature range and the temperature peaks with other systems can be avoided. This allows precise control to a low temperature range for the entire processing length.

Injection pins, which can be mounted in the BUSS Co-Kneader at any position along the process section, allow liquid components to be injected directly into the molten polymer at the optimum location for the process. The mixing process begins immediately, without smearing on the barrel wall and enables mixing over the shortest possible process length.

The BUSS Co-Kneader guarantees intense distributive mixing, as the superimposition of rotation and axial movement of the mixing and kneading screw causes flow separations and a large number of shearing surfaces, thereby generating cross-channel mixing.

Thermal sensor pins which can be installed everywhere along the process section enable optimal temperature control because the temperature limits for the respective compound can be monitored precisely. This ensures high precision because the thermal sensor pins are permanently surrounded by molten compound and the influence of housing tempering is negligible. This is an important component of online quality control.

The BUSS scaling processes are renowned for their reliability – from laboratory to pilot line to production scale. The main reason for this is the precise geometric scaling of all relevant dimensions in different sizes. That is not possible in this manner with any other screw extruder systems. State-of-the-art fluid dynamics and numeric simulation technologies as well as 80 years’ process experience additionally enable a precise forecasting and scaling process design.

Compounding requirements

of XLPE

The applications require the intense mixing of the formulation components with strict process management regarding the temperature profile and degree of purity of product and plant. For MV- applications, the peroxide is injected directly into the polymer melt and mixed intensively at low temperatures. The compound is filtered and granulated.

For HV applications, the plant design and its operation are focused on absolute purity: the basic polymers are pre-filtered, contamination sources within and outside the plant are eliminated and production takes place in cleanroom atmosphere.

The following properties of the BUSS Co-Kneader and of the entire compounding system for XLPE cable compounds are the success factors for this process: the peroxide is injected directly into the process zone and distributed optimally thanks to the immediately effective distributive mixing. The moderate and uniform shear rates ensure that this takes place at low process temperatures and with minimized polymer degradation. The cascade line structure also allows gentle melt filtration and pelletizing.

The complete compounding systems realised exemplify the fusion of BUSS process engineering, mechanical engineering and plant construction expertise as a reference for this industry.

Typical plant layout

Typical plant structure for manufacturing peroxide cross-linked polyethylene for cable insulation

COMPEO cascade layout for manufacturing XLPE cable compounds

Take a look at our typical plant layout for the production of XLPE compounds in our COMPEO showroom.

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BUSS Co-Kneaders

worldwide

Our patented BUSS Co-Kneaders are supporting our customers in plastics production of plastics worldwide nowadays. With BUSS compounding systems, our customers can master all the demanding requirements for manufacturing XLPE cable compounds.

World map with an overview of the Co-Kneaders used for cable compounding

Number of Co-Kneaders used in the cable industry

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