Thin plastic cards consisting of a basis manufactured using BUSS calender processing systems
Application

Calender feeding

For manufacturing plastic foils, films and sheets

BUSS has more than 50 years of experience in calender feeding. BUSS Kneader technology provides huge advantages, in particular when processing PVC for manufacturing foils, films and plates in the most varied of widths and thicknesses.

Calendering is understood as the manufacturing of films and foils from plastics such as PE, PET or PVC, from rubber, metals and paper. Calender feeding is a system with several heated and polished rollers consisting of chill casting or steel through whose gaps, a pre-plasticized molding material from a BUSS Kneader or other materials is fed. In this way, the material is finally homogenised, plasticized and brought to the required thickness.

After calendering, the product is consolidated on cooling rolls. We distinguish between melt calendering for film and semi-finished foil products and coating calendering, for example for coating fabric (conveyor belts). When calendering, it is also possible to emboss, smoothen, compress or bead glaze. Equally, polymer fleeces can also be bonded to form nonwovens. The designation of calender designs (L-, F-, I and Z form) relates to the arrangement of the rollers.

Typical application areas

Thin plastic cards consisting of a basis manufactured using BUSS calender processing systems
White raw mixture for calender processing systems from BUSS
Raw mixture for calender processing system before calendering
Calender processing systems form the basis for foil or film rollers
Black and white foil or film rolls from a calender / calender processing system
White raw mixture pieces for calender processing systems from BUSS
Foam rubber foil or film as an example for calender processing systems from BUSS
Various laminates as an example for calender processing systems

The rigid PVC film and semi-finished foil products have a wide range of application fields. For example: hard film for the packaging of medical devices, which allow various sterilization, barrier and sealing processes, card products for finance, keys, identification applications, furniture films and foils, printable label and signage applications.

Flexible film and semi-finished foil products are also used in a wide range of applications: a prominent example is flexible foil/film for blood and transfusion bags used for medical applications. Due to the excellent resistance to chemicals, protective clothing from calendered flexible PVC film or foil is manufactured using BUSS compounders. In the building sector, corresponding foils and films used for sealing purposes, also withstand extreme burdens. Last but not least, they are used widely for the most varied types of floor coverings, printed with a single or several layers, sealed, etc.

Further insights into our options for the plastics industry

Benefits

The advantages of BUSS compounding technology for rigid PVC processing

The BUSS calender processing system has an extremely wide process window and is correspondingly robust. The controlled shear input as well as low pressures and temperatures in the processing zone ensure process conditions that are easy to control. Furthermore with highly precise temperature control thanks to constant monitoring by thermocouples mounted in kneading pins surrounded by molten polymer.

The BUSS Kneader guarantees intense distributive mixing, as the superimposition of rotation and axial movement of the mixing and kneading screw causes flow separations and a large number of shearing surfaces, thereby generating cross-channel mixing.

The processing of a wide range of formulations with the same screw configuration can be a challenge. BUSS Kneader technology is meanwhile known for this specific capability. Thanks to a processing length which normally is only half as long as for comparable systems, the moderate and adaptable shear rates and great flexibility in screw configuration design.

Uniform shear rates allow controlled mixing at lower temperatures while imparting only the required shear energy for the task at hand. The narrow shear rate distribution compared to alternative systems ensures uniform shear histories for every individual particle. This results in high-quality processing with reduced energy input.

Volatile substances are usually degraded by vacuum degassing at the end of the process zone or additionally in the discharge unit. The high number of mixing cycles, shearing and rearrangements with BUSS Kneader technology ensures a continuous renewal of the compound surface. In this way, air inclusion or volatile components can be minimized very efficiently.

Compounding requirements

Calender compounding

The preparation of calender mass is classically direct processing. The raw materials for the formulation are thermally compounded either as primary material or as an end product.

The following process steps are realised: the components are weighed-in and premixed during the solid phase. The powder mixture and in many cases also recycled material such as edge trimmings are dosed to the BUSS Kneader and compounded during the melt phase. At the outlet of the BUSS Kneader, the melt is fed to the calender either directly as a melt strand or as cut melt pieces.

The BUSS Kneader has the task of feeding the compounded melt in a constant, well-defined narrow temperature range with corresponding viscosity to the calender over the entire throughput area. Normally, this throughput range incorporates values from 1:3 to 1:5, but can reach up to 1:7.

Fast product changes and the degassing of volatile substances are further requirements. Thanks to its adjustable shear rate level and close distribution without shear peaks, these tasks can be resolved excellently on the BUSS Kneader. The robust operation window allows a very wide range of formulations with a single shaft geometry. For extreme color changes or when changing to transparent recipes, simply opening the process zone enables short standstill periods and maximum availability. These are just some of the advantages of BUSS calender feed.

The single-stage concept, robust design and ingenious scaling, which does not rely solely on heat transfer surfaces, have made the BUSS Kneader the technology leader for several decades. The modular and therefore adaptable structure of the entire line together with the widely supported BUSS process and MSR expertise therefore make the system best choice for calender feed with rigid PVC materials.

Typical plant layout

Typical plant layout for plate, foil and film calendering

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BUSS Kneaders

worldwide

BUSS Kneaders are represented worldwide today to support our customers in plastics production. BUSS compounding lines enable them to handle all the demanding requirements of calender feed.

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Number of BUSS Kneaders used for calendar compounding

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